Letter J`s (ج) Literary and rhetoric contents in Persian literature

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Assistant Professor of Persian Language and Literature, Islamic Azad University, Abhar Branch, Abhar, Iran

Abstract

In Persian literature, creating contents with Persian alphabets has a special place. Ever since, creating images, contents, interpretations, and syntaxes thanks to shape and state of Persian alphabets attracts many writers and poets. Nearly all poets and writers have dealt with this subject. Letter "Jim" is one of the letters that attracts many writers and poets along with other letters. Among the alphabets, letter "Jim" is one of the most useful letters for creating contents, poetic areas, and fine and delicate syntaxes and interpretations of Persian literature after letter "Alef" which attracts many poets and writers due to its shape, state, and special literary, religious, and theosophical place, and some of its unique properties. Although other Persian letters play the role of creating the pristine and delicate contents, letter "Jim" with some of the unique properties has special importance rather than some of these letters. Letter "Jim" is sixth letter of Persian alphabet, the fifth letter of Arabic alphabet, third letter of Abjad letter, and the representative of number three in "Jommal" calculation due to its appearance and writing form, labyrinth hair, line of face, and also because of having dot by the hair, parotid line, and tight and small mouth, and it plays its role as one of the most important content-creating letters in making poetic and double-entendre images of face and its beauties.
The letter "Jim" of hair and "Jim" of ear with letter "Sad" of eye and "Ein" of eye and letter "mim" of mouth and "Ya" of lip, and "Sin" of teeth and "Alef" of ear, altogether show a beautiful image of the letters' role on the face. Due to its ring-like, narrow, and curved shape, letter "Jim" is the symbol of bending, humility, lowliness, disability, shame, and frustration, and it is the origin of creating many contents in this context. Regarding this attention of the writers and poets to the letter "Jim" in creating literary contents and important place of this letter in creating poetic areas, it is very important to address the role of literary and rhetorical language of letter "Jim" in Persian literature and analyze the poetic and prosaic evidence in this context, so it paves the way for understanding  the artistic and literary beauties of images and contents made from the Persian letters, specially letter "Jim". Studying the obtained literary evidence shows that most writers and poets have benefited letter "Jim" and its special properties in creating literary contents, and in some cases religious and theosophical contents. Although the range of contents, interpretations, and syntaxes made from state, form, and properties of letter "Jim" is very limited, most poets and writers have confirmed the content-creating role of letter "Jim" in Persian literature, even by presenting one content. Most of them have used the properties of letters such as alef, be, te, the, jim, he, khe, dal, zal, re, ze, sin, shin, sad, ta, za, ein, fe, ghaf, lam, mim, nun, vav, he, and ye as the content-making complementary role of letter "Jim", but they haven't used the letters zhe, pe, che, zad, ghein, kaf, ghaf in this way.
Artistic and literary contents made from letter "Jim" have literary elegance, and in some cases, they have special artistic complexities due to the creation of poetic areas and pristine contents. The writers and poets have benefited the various literary arrays and artistic beauties, specially metaphor, allusion, assimilation, and amphibology for creating contents, syntaxes, and interpretations of letter "Jim". Molavi and Attar are the most active poets in the arena of creating delicate and pristine contents of letter "Jim". Literary contents, phrases, and syntaxes made from letter "Jim" in Molavi's and Attar's poems which are one of the most artistic structures of Persian literature rather than other poets have special novelty and elegance. "Farrokhi Sistani", "Fakhroddin Asad Gorgani", "Sanaie", …, are the poets who have created the most literary and artistic contents thanks to the properties of letter "Jim" after Molavi and attar, respectively.

Keywords

References

 
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